,
and
Beilstein Arch. 2026, 202632. https://doi.org/10.3762/bxiv.2026.32.v1
Published 11 Sep 2026
Pulsed laser ablation in liquids (PLAL) is a versatile and sustainable technique for the synthesis of ligand-free colloidal nanoparticles, but its wider application is limited by relatively low productivity and insufficient control over particle size distributions. Here, to advance the technique, we investigate the possibility of combining in one synthesis process the advantages of two recently developed cost-effective approaches, multibeam PLAL for productivity increase and donut-shaped laser beams for particle size modification. Nanoparticles of gold, an iron-nickel alloy, and a high-entropy alloy were produced in water using single-beam and multibeam configurations with four and eleven picosecond sub-beams. The effects of beam profile, beam-splitting factor, and laser fluence on particle yield and size distributions were systematically evaluated. Splitting donut-shaped beams is shown to offer a similar productivity increase as Gaussian pulses, and, at moderate fluences, multiple donut beams can be even more efficient. A single donut-shaped beam generally reduces the particle size, but, in a multibeam configuration, the reduction effect is hindered by secondary processes such as the interaction of cavitation bubbles, nanoparticle fragmentation, and redeposition. The results demonstrate the feasibility of combining donut-shaped beams with multibeam ablation in PLAL synthesis and identify key process parameters that have to be optimized to achieve both high productivity and improved particle size control.
Keywords: beam splitting, donut-shaped beams, laser ablation in liquids, nanoparticle productivity, size control
| Format: DOCX | Size: 1.4 MB | Download |
When a peer-reviewed version of this preprint is available, this information will be updated in the information box above. If no peer-reviewed version is available, please cite this preprint using the following information:
Bérard, R.; Altakroury, A. R.; Gatsa, O.; Fu, Z.; Gökce, B.; Bulgakov, A. V. Beilstein Arch. 2026, 202632. doi:10.3762/bxiv.2026.32.v1
Citation data can be downloaded as file using the "Download" button or used for copy/paste from the text window below.
Citation data in RIS format can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and
Zotero.
© 2026 Bérard et al.; licensee Beilstein-Institut.
This is an open access work licensed under the terms of the Beilstein-Institut Open Access License Agreement (https://www.beilstein-archives.org/xiv/terms), which is identical to the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0). The reuse of material under this license requires that the author(s), source and license are credited. Third-party material in this work could be subject to other licenses (typically indicated in the credit line), and in this case, users are required to obtain permission from the license holder to reuse the material.
